Here’s a brief summary of the parts of an exhaust system and what each of them does:

1. Exhaust Manifold

The exhaust manifold keeps exhaust gases from interfering with the engine’s intake of fresh air and fuel. It does this by moving the gases away from the engine combustion chamber, which increases fuel efficiency.

2. O2 Sensor

On every exhaust system of every modern car, there will be at least one oxygen (O2) sensor. This component is critical in controlling fuel injection. It reads the amount of oxygen left in the exhaust gases and sends that information to the engine control unit (ECU) or the powertrain control module (PCM), which determines how much fuel is injected into the engine.

3. Catalytic Converter

Probably the most expensive part of your exhaust system, the catalytic converter has the task of improving the emissions of your vehicle by turning toxic exhaust fumes into less harmful ones. This component contains precious metals (i.e., platinum, palladium) mixed with ceramics to form a catalyst for a chemical reaction. This way, the catalytic converter takes nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide and converts them into nitrogen, water, and carbon dioxide. 

4. Mufflers

There are specific rules on how much noise a car exhaust system can produce. That’s why the mufflers, also known as silencers, have the task of bringing the noise level down. In addition, they shape the noise to make your engine sound more appealing.    

5. Tailpipe

This last component has the function of carrying the exhaust gases to the rear of your car and expelling them into the atmosphere. The exhaust tip is the only part of your exhaust system that is visible when looking at your vehicle and can be easily detected by its sleek, polished finish.

6. Exhaust Pipe

All of the above parts are connected through the exhaust pipe, which ensures the easy flow of exhaust gases in the exhaust system.

MotorServ UK’s top tips for looking after your car’s exhaust system

So now that you know about each of the components of the exhaust system, here are some tips to improve their performance:

1. Conduct a visual check of your car exhaust system to identify potential problems such as: 

• Cracks
• Holes
• Rust
• Corrosion

2. Examine the entire length of the exhaust system, from the engine to the tailpipe. Pay close attention to the seams and joints where different sections meet.

3. Short journeys can lead to the buildup of water in the exhaust system, which can corrode it. If your car is mainly used for short journeys, pay particular attention to signs of corrosion.

4. Listen for unusual sounds coming from your car’s exhaust system as they can indicate potential problems or damage.

5. Pay attention to the muffler, which is prone to corrosion due to acidic moisture. If there’s a problem with the muffler, you may hear a loud roaring noise from the exhaust.

6. Different noises coming from the exhaust could indicate different issues. For instance:

• Hissing noises can suggest a crack in the exhaust manifold, exhaust pipe or a leaking gasket. 
• Chugging noises could mean a blockage in the exhaust system.
• Rattling under the car may suggest a misaligned or loose exhaust system. 
• Loud metallic vibrations usually mean that something is touching the exhaust pipe or that a clamp, support bracket or mounting is loose.

7. Avoid idling for extended periods as it can cause condensation to form in the exhaust system, which can lead to rust, corrosion, and mould growth.

8. Turn off your engine instead of letting it idle when waiting in line or parked in traffic. By doing this, you keep your car’s exhaust system in good condition while also reducing your environmental impact. – use the Car’s auto stop/start function if equipped.

9. Pay attention to your dashboard alerts as they can notify you of a malfunctioning oxygen sensor. Oxygen sensors become less accurate over time, which can affect fuel economy and lead to extra fuel costs.

10. Replace faulty oxygen sensors as soon as you notice a problem to avoid these issues.

11. If you notice a lack of power, heat from the floor of the car, and a sulphur smell, your catalytic converter could be blocked and needs to be checked by a professional.

12. Make sure to keep each of the components of your exhaust system clean. Avoid using abrasive materials and cleaners.

13. Your exhaust system is subject to pressure, heat, and vibration, which can lead to leaks in various parts. When looking for an exhaust leak, ensure that the vehicle is cold before inspecting the exhaust pipes.

14. Inspect the exhaust manifold for any leaks, cracks or failing gaskets. If you see any black soot on any connection or any areas of the pipe, muffler, or other components, there is a leak.

15. Replace your exhaust system when necessary and invest in high-quality components.